The tab is composed of four eight intrinsic and extrinsic muscles four muscles and is separated at the midline of the fibrous central partition lingual
What causes cancer of the tongue
There are many risk factors that can predispose to cancer language of these factors as
smoking sepsis spices repeated trauma syphilis alcohol spirits chronic superficial inflammation strong tooth tongue (glossitis) and leukoplakia white spots language these factors causing chronic irritation of the tongue that lead to change in the epithelium
covering and the time also causing the tongue cancer human papilloma virus has a role in the formation of the tongue cancer Benin also tongue tumor such as papilloma may undergo malignant transformation carcinoma
What is the condition? Common sites are present on the side of both anterior third of the tongue is the most common site for language and sex cancerAge are common in the old-old man and women
TypesTongue cancer may appear on the naked as a malignant ulcer with indurated base and back rim and the floor or necrotic appear as malignant nodule or a crack or a papillary or wooded language eye when the cancer causing infiltration diffuse language and the language becomes so hard as wood
Frequent microscopic image of tongue cancer is squamous cell carcinoma What are the symptoms and signs? In the early stage of language with cancer patient may be asymptomatic patient usually presents when he discovers there are ulcers or white or red spots on his tongue The patient may complain of sore throat that does relieved usual treatment the patient can feel pain when swallowing called adenophagia the patient may complain of inability to swallow that called dysphagia the patient may complain of difficulty in the patient with cancer speech language may complain of bad smell his mouth called ori foeter patient may complain of inability to protrude her tongue completely outside and tongue become deviated on the affected side it is called ankyloglossia it due to the infiltration of the tongue muscles the floor of the mouth by the cancer cells
The patientmay complaining of excessive salivation or that is bloodstained The patientmay feel pain in his language or returned to his ear called earache due to attend the lingual nerve cellsThe cancer patientmay complained of bleeding from the mouth it is either a slight bleeding from irritation of the tongue ulcer or bleeding may be due to erosion of the anterior lingual artery caseof cancer two-thirds or internal carotid artery in cases of posterior third of cancer language, but very rare to feel occursThe patientmay by tingling and numbness of the mouth
The patient may complain of mass or swelling in the neck due to cancer spread to cervical lymph node but considered late stage cancerThe patient may complain of loss of taste sensation surveys
biopsy
Or surgical biopsy for cancer language means complete excision of the tumor for the small tumor or biopsy incision for the language of cancer means excising small part of the tumor to large tumor
Fine needle aspiration can bee used for lymph node biopsy
CT computerized tomography scanning for tongue cancer
To the head and neck to show the extent of the tumor and its spread to other structures
MRI
For head and neck also show the extent of the tumor and its spread to other structures
Other surveys on cancer patient
How cancer of the tongue or invasion spreads to other structures?
Cancer of the tongue, as all forms of cancer can spread to other organs through the process called metastasis which may extend directly to the remaining part of the tongue or on the floor of the mouth or gums cancer cases anterior two-thirds or soft palate and tonsils in cases of posterior third of cancer
Lymphatic spread of the language is common and occur early to surrounding lymph node such as the lymph nodes under mental mandibular and cervical lymph nodes
Blood cancer spread to the very rare language
Treatment may be divided into a treatment of the primary tumor of the tongue and the treatment of the lymph nodes of the neck
Cancer treatment of the primary language
surgical
Surgical removal of the tumor by V- shaped excision of a tumor on the tip of the tongue
For the tumor on the side or lateral edge of the tongue can be treated by partial excision of the tongue by operation called partial glossectomy
Tumor on both anterior third of the tongue can be treated by excising half of the tongue by an operation called hemiglossectomy
If the tumor infiltrate the mandible can be treated by excision of the tongue (glossectomy) and removal of the half affected part of the mandible (hemimandibulectomy) and the total block cleaning operation for these lymph nodes is called commando operation
It is followed by plastic reconstruction with either free or composite graft chest pectoralis myocutaneous flap MCF
Tongue cancer radiotherapy
Radiation therapy may be used before surgery as the primary treatment or decrease the size of the cancer or may be used after surgery to prevent cancer recurrence
chemotherapy
Can be used in combination with radiation therapy than chemotherapy alone has no effect on the primary cancer and can be administered after surgery to avoid the risk of cancer recurrence
Treatment the lymph nodes of the neck
This is done by operation called total dissection of the neck block which means the complete removal of the affected side of neck lymph node, but if both sides of the lymph nodes in the neck are affected and to selectively block dissection on one side with the preservation the internal jugular vein to drain the brain and make total blocking dissection on the opposite side
palliative treatment
they are indicated in cases of inoperable patients depend on these palliative measures like giving patients complaining ryle analgesic for pain, s power in advanced cases when the patient is unable to swallow or eat palliative radiotherapy to relieve obstruction pain in severe cases with the way the air obstruction patients may need for tracheostomy this operation in the trachea done by making an artificial opening into the trachea and special device inserted through which the patient can take a breath
What tongue cancer complications
These complications can be divided into the complications of the tongue cancer itself and complications associated with surgery or radiotherapy and chemotherapy of these complications such as infection and airway obstruction or asphyxiation and edema of the glottis
inflammation of the lung and bronchus called bronchopneumonia
bleeding famine anemia and cachexia
unable to speak or eat
0 comments:
Post a Comment